YOUNG PLEDGE

YOUNG PLEDGE

HISTORY

BREAKFAST morning lasted not as usual. There was no serious discussion or jokes from the occupants of Indonesische Clubgebouw Kramat Raya Street 106, Jakarta. A.K. Gani, students from Minang, loss of fresh chat. He usually diligent tease Jusupadi Danuhadiningrat of Yogyakarta. A.K. jokes Gani is then ditimpali Muhammad Yamin with remarks that provoke laughter or Sjarifuddin Amir Abu Hanifa.

      But Sunday morning, October 28, 1928, almost all residents Indonesische Clubgebouw drowning in their own thoughts. They just seem to get moved from the dining table. "Maybe because they were busy part of the Congress, perhaps also because the cuisine is not attractive. Understandably, the quality of food on that day declines," said dr. R. Suharto, Yamin colleague who later became the personal physician of Bung Karno.

      Yamin should immediately formulate the thoughts of the speaker's second Indonesian Youth Congress in the building the previous night Jongelingen Katholieke Bond, Waterloopplein, Banteng Square, Jakarta. Understandably, he was appointed secretary of the congress committee. He himself gave a speech that night at length about "Unity and Nationhood in Indonesia", including the need for national language to unite all groups and tribes in Indonesia.

      Yamin's speech in front of the 750 rally participants were considered to have led local youth organization representatives who participated the congress to pledge joint. He was also the then write the text of the Youth Pledge was very influential. With this oath, busy-busy youth organizations shed their regional character and merged into one organization: Indonesia Young. Bung Hatta said that the Youth Pledge event as "an eruption history."

      On Saturday and Sunday's first-year students Rechts Hooge School (Higher Education Law) is indeed the middle of making history. Age was 25 years. And as stated by Chairman of the Youth Congress II Soegondo Djojopoespito in commemoration of 45 years of Youth Pledge, Yamin did a style typical of young people who "prefer to use flowery words" rather than reveal reality.

      The fact that they face are still fully mastered Dutch Indonesia in 1928's. Youth Congress that was being watched 24 hours by Dutch police. But Yamin and all the young men who spoke in the density of this young man desperate to propose grandiose idea: one land, one nation, one language: Indonesia.

      According Soegondo, Yamin was also put forward the imagination as a poet. Author of several poetry collections, as well as a book translator William Shakespeare and Rabindranath Tagore, for instance, called the Indonesian unity and nationhood is the result of the mind and the willingness of history that is hundreds of years old. "The spirit that had been asleep had now been built. This is called the spirit of Indonesia," said Yamin. "It's bombastic words, but otherwise looked brilliant for young people who heard him then," said Soegondo.

      Yamin is also a "twist" the facts in order to get congress participants extensive coverage by the mass media. In his speech, Yamin said he was glad to speak in a court that, because the participants who attended came from all over Indonesia. He gives the impression as if the youth who attended the congress was just coming by boat or overland travel from all over Indonesia. Though congressional delegation representing the regions mostly came from Jakarta and cities in Java. "He has more priority than the effect of truth," said Soegondo.

      But that does not mean Yamin had no idea of the piece. Since the first Youth Congress which took place on April 30, 1926 to May 2, 1926 in Jakarta, Yamin proposes to make the Malay language as the language of unity. In front of the congress was chaired by Mohammad Tabrani, Yamin has ever attended Algemeene Middlebare School (a kind of high school in Yogyakarta East literature section) states that if it refers to the future of languages that exist in Indonesia and the literary, there are only two languages can be expected to become the national language, namely Java and the Malay language. But of those two languages, said Yamin, a slow-language Melayulah'll be a lingua franca or language of unity.

      Tabrani, who is active in the association Jong Java, rejected the proposal. According to him, there must be one language of unity in accordance with the original purpose of the congress participants, namely one homeland, one nation and one language. "If it is named Nusa Indonesia, the nation was named Indonesia, the Indonesian language should be called," said Tabrani at the time. Yamin accept rejection and since then he worked hard thinking about the proper resolution, which could be accepted and to unite all groups of nations.

      About the national language was not only delivered during the first congress Yamin. Long before, at the age of 17 years, Yamin who was born on August 23, 1903 at Talawi, Sawahlunto, West Sumatra that has submitted ideas for making the Malay language as the national language of Sumatra. The idea was again turned on when he attended the fifth anniversary of association Jong Sumatranen Bond, in Jakarta in 1923. During the meeting Yamin delivered a speech entitled "De Maleiche Taal in het verleden, Heden en in de toekomst", which means "Malay, in the past, present, and future."

      Born to a family of descendants of Minangkabau adat head with a father who worked as orderlies coffee, Oesman Bagindo Khatib, Yamin mengenyam lot of education. In his hometown, the third child of five siblings was finishing his education in Holland Inlander School. Remove from HIS, Yamin went to School Teachers in Bukittinggi, West Sumatra.

      He then moved to the island of Java and into vet school in Bogor. Feeling no talent, he moved to the agricultural high school in Bogor. In this place also Yamin has not found his interest. He then resigned and went to Yogyakarta. In this Gudeg City, Yamin attending secondary school over the Eastern literature. This is where Yamin finds her world.

      Since young, in addition to active in the organization, Yamin was also already interested in literature. He is known as a diligent reader of books. Yamin has a book collection of more than 20 thousand pieces. At age 18 he has produced many poems. In 1922, Yamin published a collection of poems titled Homeland. In 1928, husband Raden Ajeng Sundari Mertoatmodjo (Siti Sundari), this re-write a book of poems Indonesia Sweepstakes My blood.

      Yamin also mastered the science of history, Greek, Latin, Kaei, Javanese, Malay and Sanskrit. Later he was master of science in constitutional law after earning a law degree from Rechts Hooge School in Jakarta, in 1932.

      In the early days of law school is fully involved in Yamin Youth Congress II. After a marathon meeting from Saturday afternoon until Sunday evening, October 28, 1928, all participants of the congress consists of delegates Jong Java, Jong Sumatranen Bond, Jong Indonesia, Sekar Pillars, Jong Islamieten Bond, Jong Batak, Jong Celebes, Jong Ambon, Young People Betawi, and several other delegates finally agreed and stated the Youth Pledge spark.

      The formulation of the Youth Pledge was written Yamin on a paper when Mr Sunario, as a messenger of scouting the middle of a speech at the last session of Congress. As secretary, Yamin who was sitting to the left of the head thrusting a piece of paper to Soegondo, while whispering, "I have an elegant formulation of the resolution."

      Soegondo resolution was read the formula, then looked Yamin. Yamin replied to view it with a smile. Spontaneous Soegondo affix initials "Agree". Next Soegondo forward proposals to the Amir Sjarifuddin formula that looked Soegondo with wondering eyes. Soegondo nodding. Amir also provide initials "Agree". And so on until all the delegates agreed youth organizations.

The pledge

In Indonesian, with the original spelling, the pledge reads
Pertama
Kami poetera dan poeteri Indonesia, mengakoe bertoempah darah jang satoe, tanah air Indonesia.
Kedoea
Kami poetera dan poeteri Indonesia, mengakoe berbangsa jang satoe, bangsa Indonesia.
Ketiga
Kami poetera dan poeteri Indonesia, mendjoendjoeng bahasa persatoean, bahasa Indonesia.
In English:

Firstly
We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, acknowledge one motherland, Indonesia.
Secondly
We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, acknowledge one nation, the nation of Indonesia.
Thirdly
We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, respect the language of unity, Indonesian
                

Oath was originally read by Soegondo and then explained at length by Yamin. Once ratified, the young man's pledge was a milestone unity of Indonesia. "Yaminlah that changed the word pledge to swear," said historian Anhar barking.

      Since then, every 28 October, Yamin and former Minister of Justice, Ministry of Education and Culture, Minister of Social Affairs at the Soekarno was always invited to attend the commemoration of Youth Pledge. Herbert Feith called the man who died on October 17, 1962 as "an ideological nationalist who was directly behind the president."

      "He was the poet who found the exact formulation of our nationality," said Mohammad Roem.

young pledge                     congres

Youth Congress

The idea of organizing the Second Youth Congress comes from the Student Association of Indonesian Students (GN), a youth organization which membered students from all over Indonesia. On the initiative GN, congresses held in three different buildings and divided in three meetings.

The first meeting, Saturday, October 27, 1928, in Building Katholieke Jongenlingen Bond (KJB), Waterlooplein (Banteng Square now.) In his speech, chairman GN Sugondo Djojopuspito hope the conference will strengthen the spirit of unity in the hearts of youth. The event was followed by a description Moehammad Yamin on the meaning and relationship of unity with youth. According to him, there are five factors that can strengthen the unity of Indonesia, namely the history, languages, customary law, education, and willingness.

The second meeting, Sunday, October 28, 1928, in Oost-Java Bioscoop Building, to discuss education issues. Second speaker, Poernomowoelan and Sarmidi Mangoensarkoro, argued that children should receive education nationality, must also be a balance between education at school and at home. Children also should be educated in a democratic manner.

At the closing meeting, on Clubgebouw Indonesische building on Jalan Raya Kramat 106, Sunario explain the importance of nationalism and democracy in addition to scouting movement. While Ramelan argues, the scouting movement can not be separated from the national movement. Scouting movement since the early to educate children and self-discipline, the things that are needed in the struggle.

Before the congress closed played the song "Indonesia Raya" by Wage Rudolf Supratman who played with the violin without poetry, on the advice Sugondo to Supratman. The song was greeted with a very lively by Congress participants. Congress was closed by announcing the formulation of the congress. By the youth in attendance, it is pronounced as an oath formula Faithful.

youth congress ,result of congress

indonesian song



Participants

Second Youth Congress participants come from various representatives of youth organizations that exist at the time, such as Jong Java, Jong Ambon, Jong Celebes, Jong Batak, Jong Sumatranen Bond, Bond Islamieten Jong, Sekar Pillars, GN, Youth The Betawi, etc.. Among them there were also some Chinese youth as an observer, namely Oey Kay Siang, John Lauw Tjoan Hok and Tjio Djien Kwie but until now unknown background organization that sent them. Meanwhile, Thiam Kwee Hiong was present as a representative of the Jong Sumatranen Bond. Initiated by the AR Baswedan arab descent youth in Indonesia, held a congress in Semarang and extol the Youth Pledge of Arab descent.

 

ceremony

Building

Building on Jalan Raya Kramat 106, recited the Pledge of Youth, is a lodging house for students and students belonging Sie Liong Kok.Building 106 was renovated Kramat Jakarta Government 3 April to 20 May 1973 and inaugurated Governor of DKI Jakarta, Ali Sadikin, on May 20, 1973 as a Youth Pledge Building. This building was re-inaugurated by President Soeharto on May 20, 1974. In the course of history, never managed the Youth Pledge Building Jakarta Government, and is currently managed by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism.